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AutismTable of Contents (click to jump to sections)What is Autism? Is there any treatment? What is the prognosis? What research is being done? Organizations Publicaciones en Español Additional resources from MEDLINEplus What is Autism? Autism (sometimes called “classical autism”) is the most common condition in a group of developmental disorders known as the autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Autism is characterized by three distinctive behaviors. Autistic children have difficulties with social interaction, display problems with verbal and nonverbal communication, and exhibit repetitive behaviors or narrow, obsessive interests. These behaviors can range in impact from mild to disabling. Autism varies widely in its severity and symptoms and may go unrecognized, especially in mildly affected children or when more debilitating handicaps mask it. Scientists aren’t certain what causes autism, but it’s likely that both genetics and environment play a role. Is there any treatment? There is no cure for autism. Therapies and behavioral interventions are designed to remedy specific symptoms and can bring
about substantial improvement. The ideal treatment plan coordinates therapies and interventions that target the core symptoms
of autism: impaired social interaction, problems with verbal and nonverbal communication, and obsessive or repetitive routines
and interests. Most professionals agree that the earlier the intervention, the better.
What is the prognosis? For many children, autism symptoms improve with treatment and with age. Some children with autism grow up to lead normal or near-normal lives. Children whose language skills regress early in life, usually before the age of 3, appear to be at risk of developing epilepsy
or seizure-like brain activity. During adolescence, some children with autism may become depressed or experience behavioral problems. Parents of these children should be ready to adjust treatment for their child as needed.
What research is being done? The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) conducts research in its laboratories at the National
Institutes of Health (NIH) and also supports additional research through grants to major medical institutions across the country. As part of the Children’s Health Act of 2000, the NINDS and three sister institutes have formed the NIH Autism Coordinating
Committee to expand, intensify, and coordinate NIH’s autism research. More information about the Autism Coordinating Committee
is available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/autismiacc/index.cfm. Eight dedicated research centers across the country have been established as “Centers of Excellence in Autism Research”
to bring together researchers and the resources they need. The Centers are conducting basic and clinical research, including
investigations into causes, diagnosis, early detection, prevention, and treatment of autism.
Select this link to view a list of studies currently seeking patients.
Prepared by: NINDS health-related material is provided for information purposes only and does not necessarily represent endorsement by or an official position of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke or any other Federal agency. Advice on the treatment or care of an individual patient should be obtained through consultation with a physician who has examined that patient or is familiar with that patient's medical history. All NINDS-prepared information is in the public domain and may be freely copied. Credit to the NINDS or the NIH is appreciated. Last updated July 31, 2007 This information has been provided by The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). |