What is varicella virus (chickenpox) vaccine?
Varicella (commonly known as chickenpox) is a common childhood disease that causes fever,
skin rash, and a breakout of fluid-filled blisters on the skin. Most people who receive this vaccine will
not get chickenpox, or will get only a mild case and will recover faster.
Chickenpox is usually mild, but it can be serious or even fatal in young infants and in adults. It
can lead to severe skin infection, breathing problems, brain damage, or death. A person who has had
chickenpox can develop herpes zoster (also called shingles) later in life, which causes severe nerve
pain, and hearing or vision problems, which may last for months or years.
Chickenpox is spread from person to person through the air, or by coming into contact with the
fluid from a chickenpox blister.
Varicella virus vaccine is for use in adults and children who are at least 12 months old.
This vaccine works by exposing your child to a small dose of the virus or a protein from the
virus, which causes the body to develop immunity to the disease. This vaccine will not treat an active
infection that has already developed in the body.
Like any vaccine, the varicella virus vaccine may not provide protection from disease in every
person.
What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking varicella virus (chickenpox) vaccine?
You should not receive this vaccine if you are allergic to gelatin, neomycin (Mycifradin,
Neo-Fradin, Neo-Tab), or if the child has ever had a life-threatening allergic reaction to any vaccine
containing varicella.
You should also not receive this vaccine if you have:
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active tuberculosis infection;
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a history of Guillain-Barré syndrome;
-
a chronic disease such as asthma or other breathing
disorder, diabetes, kidney disease, or blood cell disorders such as anemia;
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if you or someone in your household has severe immune
suppression caused by disease (such as cancer, HIV, or AIDS), or by receiving certain medicines
such as steroids, chemotherapy or radiation;
-
if you are under 18 years old and have recently taken
aspirin or other similar medicines such as Disalcid, Doan's Pills, Dolobid, Salflex, Tricosal, and
others;
-
if you have recently received a stem cell transplant; or
-
if you are pregnant.
Before receiving varicella virus (Chickenpox) vaccine, talk to your doctor if
you:
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thrombocytopenia purpura (easy bruising or bleeding);
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active tuberculosis infection; or
-
if you have received an immune globulin or other blood
product within the past year.
You can still receive a vaccine if you have a cold or fever. In the case of a
more severe illness with a fever or any type of infection, wait until you get better before receiving this
vaccine.
Avoid becoming pregnant for at least 3 months after receiving a varicella vaccine.
Do not receive this vaccine without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
How should I take varicella virus (chickenpox) vaccine?
This vaccine is given as an injection (shot) under the skin. You will receive this injection in a
doctor's office or other clinic setting.
The varicella vaccine is given in a series of shots. The first shot is usually given to a child who is
12 to 15 months old. The booster shot is then given at 4 to 6 years of age, or at least 3 months after
the first dose.
If you are at least 13 years old and you have never had chickenpox or received this vaccine,
you should receive two varicella virus vaccines at least 28 days apart.
Your individual booster schedule may be different from these guidelines. Follow your doctor's
instructions or the schedule recommended by the health department of the state you live in.
Your doctor may recommend treating fever and pain with an aspirin-free pain reliever such as
acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil, and others) when the shot is given and for the
next 24 hours. Follow the label directions or your doctor's instructions about how much of this
medicine to take.
It is especially important to prevent fever from occurring if you have a seizure disorder such as
epilepsy.
This vaccine can cause false results on a skin test for tuberculosis. Tell any doctor who treats
you if you have received a varicella virus vaccine within the past 4 to 6 weeks.
What happens if I miss a dose of varicella virus (chickenpox) vaccine?
Contact your doctor if you will miss a booster dose or if you get behind schedule. The next
dose should be given as soon as possible. There is no need to start over.
Be sure you receive all recommended doses of this vaccine. If you do not receive the full series
of vaccines, you may not be fully protected against the disease.
Where can I get more information about varicella virus (chickenpox) vaccine?
Your pharmacist has information about varicella virus (chickenpox) vaccine written for health professionals that you may read.
What are the possible side effects of varicella virus (chickenpox) vaccine?
You should not receive a booster vaccine if you had a life-threatening allergic reaction after
the first shot.
Keep track of any and all side effects you have after receiving this vaccine. When you
receive a booster dose, you will need to tell the doctor if the previous shots caused any side effects.
Becoming infected with chickenpox is much more dangerous to your health than receiving the
vaccine to protect against it. Like any medicine, this vaccine can cause side effects, but the risk of
serious side effects is extremely low.
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these
signs of an allergic
reaction:
hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:
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cough, tight feeling in your chest, breathing problems;
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seizure (black-out or convulsions);
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easy bruising or bleeding, unusual weakness;
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behavior changes; or
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high fever (within a few hours or a few weeks after the
vaccine).
Less serious side effects include:
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redness, pain, or swelling where the shot was given;
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low fever;
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mild skin rash;
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runny or stuffy nose, cough, sore throat;
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headache, tired feeling;
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sleep problems (insomnia);
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joint or muscle pain; or
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nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your
doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at
1-800-FDA-1088. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
What is the most important information I should know about varicella virus (chickenpox) vaccine?
The varicella vaccine is given in a series of shots. The first shot is usually given to a child who is
12 to 15 months old. The booster shot is then given at 4 to 6 years of age, or at least 3 months after
the first dose.
If you are at least 13 years old and you have never had chickenpox or received this vaccine,
you should receive two varicella virus vaccines at least 28 days apart.
Your individual booster schedule may be different from these guidelines. Follow your doctor's
instructions or the schedule recommended by the health department of the state you live in.
Be sure you receive all recommended doses of this vaccine. If you do not receive the full series
of vaccines, you may not be fully protected against the disease.
You can still receive a vaccine if you have a cold or fever. In the case of a more severe illness
with a fever or any type of infection, wait until you get better before receiving this vaccine.
Do not give salicylates such as aspirin, Disalcid, Doan's Pills, Dolobid, Salflex, Tricosal, and
others to a child under 18 for at least 6 weeks after he or she has received varicella vaccine. A serious
condition called Reye's Syndrome has been reported in young people with chickenpox who take
aspirin or salicylates.
You should not receive a booster vaccine if you had a life-threatening allergic reaction after
the first shot.
Keep track of any and all side effects you have after receiving this vaccine. When you receive a
booster dose, you will need to tell the doctor if the previous shots caused any side effects.
Becoming infected with chickenpox is much more dangerous to your health than receiving the
vaccine to protect against it. Like any medicine, this vaccine can cause side effects, but the risk of
serious side effects is extremely low.
What should I avoid while taking varicella virus (chickenpox) vaccine?
For at least 6 weeks after receiving a varicella vaccine, avoid coming into contact with
newborn infants, pregnant women who have never had chickenpox, and anyone who has a weak
immune system. There is a chance that you could pass the virus to a person with a weak immune
system or no immunity to chickenpox.
Do not receive a "live" vaccine such as oral polio or yellow fever vaccine for at least 4
weeks after you have received the varicella virus vaccine. The other live vaccine may not work as well
during this time, and may not fully protect you from disease. Some live virus vaccines such as measles,
mumps, and rubella are often given together with varicella vaccine.
What other drugs will affect varicella virus (chickenpox) vaccine?
Do not use salicylates (aspirin or aspirin containing products) for at least six weeks after
receiving the vaccine. A serious condition called Reye's Syndrome has been reported in patients with
chicken pox taking salicylates.
Before receiving this vaccine, tell the doctor about all other vaccines you have recently
received.
Also tell the doctor if you have recently received drugs or treatments that can weaken the
immune system, including:
-
an oral, nasal, inhaled, or injectable steroid medicine;
-
medications to treat psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, or
other autoimmune disorders, such as azathioprine (Imuran), efalizumab (Raptiva), etanercept
(Enbrel), leflunomide (Arava), and others; or
-
medicines to treat or prevent organ transplant rejection,
such as basiliximab (Simulect), cyclosporine (Sandimmune, Neoral, Gengraf), muromonab-CD3
(Orthoclone), mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept), sirolimus (Rapamune), or tacrolimus (Prograf).
If you are using any of these medications, you may not be able to receive the
vaccine, or may need to wait until the other treatments are finished.
There may be other drugs that can affect this vaccine. Tell your doctor about all the
prescription and over-the-counter medications you have received. This includes vitamins, minerals,
herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without
telling your doctor.
What happens if I have an overdose of varicella virus (chickenpox) vaccine?
