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HIV Prevention (Expert Forum)
PCR Accuracy - HIV Exposure -Concerned and Confused
Answered by
University of Washington
Seattle - WA
This forum is limited to prevention of HIV and to safe sex in general. If you believe you might have been exposed to HIV and want help to judge your risk, would like advice about HIV testing, or have questions about the effectiveness of condoms or the risks associated with specific sexual practices, this is the site for you.
IMPORTANT
No questions will be accepted on the treatment of HIV/AIDS or its complications, viral load, and similar topics. If you have questions about a specific STD other than HIV/AIDS, please visit the STD Forum. Questions that do not pertain to the above topics will be removed from the forum.
If you have not done so, please review other threads in our archives for questions similar to yours and Dr. Handsfield's replies. Questions that duplicate other frequent ones, for which abundant replies exist, and that have little educational value for other forum users, will be DELETED WITHOUT RESPONSE. YOUR PAYMENT WILL NOT BE REFUNDED. The most common examples of such questions are those about low risk exposures to HIV, such as oral sex, condom- protected intercourse hand-to-genital exposure, and nonsexual contact with possibly infected blood or body fluids as well as symptoms of early HIV infection.
No questions will be accepted on the treatment of HIV/AIDS or its complications, viral load, and similar topics. If you have questions about a specific STD other than HIV/AIDS, please visit the STD Forum. Questions that do not pertain to the above topics will be removed from the forum.
If you have not done so, please review other threads in our archives for questions similar to yours and Dr. Handsfield's replies. Questions that duplicate other frequent ones, for which abundant replies exist, and that have little educational value for other forum users, will be DELETED WITHOUT RESPONSE. YOUR PAYMENT WILL NOT BE REFUNDED. The most common examples of such questions are those about low risk exposures to HIV, such as oral sex, condom- protected intercourse hand-to-genital exposure, and nonsexual contact with possibly infected blood or body fluids as well as symptoms of early HIV infection.
PCR Accuracy - HIV Exposure -Concerned and Confused
by Montana123, Jan 15, 2007 12:00AM
I had a PCR and anitbody test on day 17 after potential exposre. I have read through many threads but have not found what I was looking for. Your help would be appreciated.
I am married with children and very concerned. I had unprotected vaginal sex with a female sex worker in a Latin American country 29 days ago. I read that 10% of all sex workers in that country are HIV positive.
On day 10 after exposure I had chills, on day 11 I had a BAD sore throat and mouth that lasted until day 21, on day 19 the glands in my arms and legs became sore and last to day 21, on day 25 my sore throat became bad again and on day 28 I began to have pain in my arm pit glands again. Even though I have had chills from time to time, I have not had a fever whenever I checked. I know you have said that symptoms are not a diagnosis, but I thought I would let you know.
I went to the doctor on day 12 and on day 19. Strep test was negative on day 12 and he could not feel any swollen glands on day 19. He said to treat symptoms.
I have read that you do not recommend PCR due to possibility of false positives. I have not been able to find out how much reliability you can put on a PCR test if it is done. However, I know it is recommended to follow it up with an antibody test later.
Both of my PCR and antibody test returned negative. My questions are:
1. I have read that an antibody test at 17 days is too early to rely on. If so, why do you think that the infectios desiese Dr. (not a GP) would advise having one?
2. How reliable is the PCR test at 17 days? I have read that that the FDA has not approved it for diagnosis and that some do not recommend it, but I have also read that it is highly effective and some do recommend it.
3. What are the specific statistics on the PCR test. I have not seen this anywhere. Most say there can be chance of false negatives. What are the actual percentages of false negatives?
4. It is now day 29. Should I have another antibody test done now? Would that combined with the earlier PCR provide enough evidence? Or, should I wait until week 5 or 6?
5. If I do have another antibody test, should I ask for a fourth generation test?
Your responses are very helpful to those that can not talk to others about their situation. Thank you!
I am married with children and very concerned. I had unprotected vaginal sex with a female sex worker in a Latin American country 29 days ago. I read that 10% of all sex workers in that country are HIV positive.
On day 10 after exposure I had chills, on day 11 I had a BAD sore throat and mouth that lasted until day 21, on day 19 the glands in my arms and legs became sore and last to day 21, on day 25 my sore throat became bad again and on day 28 I began to have pain in my arm pit glands again. Even though I have had chills from time to time, I have not had a fever whenever I checked. I know you have said that symptoms are not a diagnosis, but I thought I would let you know.
I went to the doctor on day 12 and on day 19. Strep test was negative on day 12 and he could not feel any swollen glands on day 19. He said to treat symptoms.
I have read that you do not recommend PCR due to possibility of false positives. I have not been able to find out how much reliability you can put on a PCR test if it is done. However, I know it is recommended to follow it up with an antibody test later.
Both of my PCR and antibody test returned negative. My questions are:
1. I have read that an antibody test at 17 days is too early to rely on. If so, why do you think that the infectios desiese Dr. (not a GP) would advise having one?
2. How reliable is the PCR test at 17 days? I have read that that the FDA has not approved it for diagnosis and that some do not recommend it, but I have also read that it is highly effective and some do recommend it.
3. What are the specific statistics on the PCR test. I have not seen this anywhere. Most say there can be chance of false negatives. What are the actual percentages of false negatives?
4. It is now day 29. Should I have another antibody test done now? Would that combined with the earlier PCR provide enough evidence? Or, should I wait until week 5 or 6?
5. If I do have another antibody test, should I ask for a fourth generation test?
Your responses are very helpful to those that can not talk to others about their situation. Thank you!
Doctor's Answer
by H. Hunter Handsfield, M.D., Jan 15, 2007 12:00AM
, Jan 15, 2007 12:00AM
The doctor who tested you probably can answer your questions better than I can. But you can be close to 100% certain you don't have HIV. If your symptoms were due to HIV, the PCR test definitely would have been positive. The timing of that test (17 days) is less important than the fact that you had symptoms at the time it was done. HIV cannot cause symptoms without being detectable in the blood. I do not know the specific statistics on PCR test performance in this setting; to my knowledge it hasn't been studied carefully.
Follow your doctor's advice about when to be retested and what test to have. My opinion is that a single antibody test (without further PCR testing) 4-6 weeks after your exposure is all you need. Don't worry about "generation" of tests. The difference between early and more recently developed tests is whether they are positive early, e.g. 2-3 weeks. Once beyond 4-6 weeks, all currently avaiable tests are just as good.
Bottom line: You don't have HIV. Repeat testing will confirm it. Good luck--
HHH, MD
Follow your doctor's advice about when to be retested and what test to have. My opinion is that a single antibody test (without further PCR testing) 4-6 weeks after your exposure is all you need. Don't worry about "generation" of tests. The difference between early and more recently developed tests is whether they are positive early, e.g. 2-3 weeks. Once beyond 4-6 weeks, all currently avaiable tests are just as good.
Bottom line: You don't have HIV. Repeat testing will confirm it. Good luck--
HHH, MD
Don't mean to hijack the thread but I posted a follow up in a previous question that was probably further back then you check.
I went to an HIV specialist and at Day 15 he ran a Quantitative ELISA, Western Blot and an Ultrasensitive RNA Viral load test (50 copies) which all came back negative. The doctor stated that if I was indeed infected, one of the tests would have come back positive. He stated that the virus would be going crazy by day 15 unless my antibodies had kicked in and then the ELISA would be positive. I also took a PCR DNA test at 15 days that was negative.
I am somewhat reassured but still paranoid and freakin out about this. Do you agree that one of the tests would have come back positive at 15 days if I was infected? Do I need to test further?
When I don't respond to a follow up quesiton, it is because I choose not to. No follow-up comments in this thread jump.
HHH, MD
http://www.zeptometrix.com/hivseroconversion.htm
Or is it just based on personal experience?
HHH, MD
I understand you didn't answer my question for several reasons. I am trying to post a question and pay but I keep getting an error message as follows. I want to pay the $ and get an answer but the same thing keeps showing up....see below.
Warning
Referring URL does not match accepted URLs.