spasticity
Information, Symptoms, Treatments and Resources
Spasticity is stiff or rigid muscles with exaggerated, deep tendon reflexes (for example, a knee-jerk reflex). The condition can interfere with walking, movement, or speech.
See also: Muscle spasticity
Spasticity generally results from damage to the part of the brain that controls voluntary movement. It may also occur when you have damage to the nerves traveling from brain down to spinal cord.
Symptoms of spasticity include:
- Exaggerated deep tendon reflexes (the knee-jerk reflex)
- Scissoring (crossing of the legs as the tips of scissors would close)
- Repetitive jerky motions (clonus)
- Unusual posturing
- Carrying the shoulder, arm, wrist, and finger at an abnormal angle
Spasticity may also interfere with speech. Severe, long-term spasticity may lead to contracture of muscles, causing joints to be bent at a fixed position.
- Cerebral palsy
- Brain damage caused by lack of oxygen, as can occur in near drowning or near suffocation
- Brain trauma
- Severe head injury
- Spinal cord injury
- Stroke
- Adrenoleukodystrophy
- Phenylketonuria
- Neurodegenerative illness
- Multiple sclerosis
This list is not all inclusive.
Contact your health care provider if:
- The spasticity worsens
- Contracture deformities appear to be developing
- Your condition gets worse
Your doctor will perform a physical exam and ask questions about your symptoms, including:
- When was it first noticed?
- How long has it lasted?
- Is it always present?
- How severe is it?
- What muscles are affected?
- What makes it better?
- What makes it worse?
- What other symptoms are also present?
Your doctor may refer you to a physical therapist. Physical therapy consists of variety of exercises, including muscle stretching and strengthening exercises. Physical therapy exercises can be taught to parents who may then help their child perform them at home.
Medicines for spasticity include baclofen, tizanidine, cyclobenzaprine, and benzodiazepines. In rare cases, a pump may be inserted into the spinal fluid to directly deliver medicine to the nervous system.
Botox injections may help relieve spasticity symptoms in some patients.
Sometimes, a person may need surgery to release the tendon or to cut the the nerve-muscle pathway.
Goetz, CG. Textbook of Clinical Neurology. 2nd ed. St. Louis, Mo: WB Saunders; 2003: 236, 247, 254.
Goldman L, Ausiello D. Cecil Textbook of Medicine. 22nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 2004:2324.
A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy, editorial process and privacy policy. A.D.A.M. is also a founding member of Hi-Ethics and subscribes to the principles of the Health on the Net Foundation (www.hon.ch).
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. � 1997- 2008 A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
