Ischemic strokes are caused by blood clots, and are the most common type of stroke—about 87 percent of stroke victims have an ischemic stroke. Blood clots form as a result of atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). In atherosclerosis, fatty deposits and cholesterol called “plaque” line the artery walls. Plaque eventually gets large enough that it causes a blockage, cutting off vital blood flow to the brain.