Try wearing tennis shoes with good support all day - no barefoot time at all if you can help it. Give that a few days. You might also try wearing some kind of shoe or slipper to bed to give your toes support. If neither of those are something you want to do or you try them and they don't cause any change, I think you should see a doctor.
During the summer time, I only wear sandals outside and I walk barefoot indoors always. I also wear tennis shoes, but I am sure they do not make my toes curl. Never had any other foot condition. Yes, the pain wakes me up, but I am not very fond of taking pain relief medicines, and by the time I start walking around in the morning, the pain is gone.
What kind of shoes are you wearing? Are your toes curling when you are off of them? Have you ever had any foot or toe conditions? While this could be arthritis, it could also be a number of other things. What have you tried to relieve the pain? Does it wake you up?