Dear risb: There is no test, other than biopsy, that can determine whether there is any invasion in a tumor. A needle or core biopsy takes a small sample of an area of concern and then it is hoped that this is representative of the rest of the area. If the specimen comes back DCIS or
invasiveGestational trophoblastic disease
Invasive
Minimally invasive heart surgery
Noninvasive
Noninvasive test
Squamous cell carcinoma - invasive breast cancer, additional surgery (lumpectomy in many cases) will need to be done. If we knew that the entire
lumpLumps in the breasts is DCIS, then sentinel lymph
nodeLymph node biopsy
Swollen glands
Swollen lymph nodes in the groin
Swollen lymph nodes under arm biopsy is not necessary and your sister would have an unnecessary surgery. If, on the other hand, there is any invasion in the abnormality, a sentinel lymph node biopsy would be recommended and your sister could need additional surgery. Further, the other challenge is making sure all of the bad tissue is removed with the surgery. If there are margins (or edges) that have bad cells, then additional surgery may be needed to fix that. In other words, there is no magic right or wrong answer. Most surgeons will ere on doing less to prevent unnecessary procedures but in some cases, this can result in needing more procedures.