In my experience right away, but symptoms could take up to 3 weeks to appear, or they might not appear at all. Regardless of whether or not you have symptoms, you should get tested. Personally I would get tested now and again at about the 3-4 week mark if you still have no symptoms.
Yes, you would be infected directly from the encounter. But symptoms will not show for a week to 4 weeks after exposure...that is if they show at all. You can get accurate results if you test after a week.