Sounds like you definitely need a colonoscopy (camera through your colon). This can be arranged by your GP.
I was passing mucas as well, and after a colonoscopy, they found diviticulitis (inflammation of the bowel and pockets where bacteria build up and can cause mucas). Definitely get this seen too asap
That means you have inflammation. You should get tested for Celiac disease. Even if you don't have Celiac, you seem to have IBS. If you have Celiac you will have to go off gluten completely. Some people, whether they have Celiac or not, have to stay away from most dairy, at least until healing happens. I have Celiac and got off gluten, but it took L-glutamine to heal my gut. A lot of people are helped by taking a probiotic. Don't eat fast food, don't use artificial anything, buy organic foods.