Hi,
You certainly can have diabetic neuropathy even if your diabetes is recently diagnosed, because the majority of people have had elevated blood sugars for some time before diagnosis. I have not had any experiences with patients having eye pain as their neuropathy however, so that question would best be answered by your neurologist. If you saw an optometrist and not an ophthalmologist, I would suggest seeking out the latter(and an expert in diabetic eye disease) to ensure your retina, optic nerve etc are all fine.
Take care.