Aa
Tea Tree Oil for topical treatment on dog skin
My Westie has an ongoing problem with skin itch. He has been diagnosed with Yeast infection and has been treated by a veterinarian several times over the years... this has included antibiotic pills and drops to treat his ears and general condition/resistance. He is also bathed in medicated shampoo containing the popular (kat somthing - don't remember the name) medication in 1 and 2%. This unquestionably helps but I am now considering using Tea Tree oil as a topical treatment applied to skin areas he can not lick. I have also read a dilute vinegar spray/dab can help.
Is there a standard dilution of the Tee Tree oil for this type of application? The West Highlands White Terrier has a beautiful white coat (with a faint dorsal strip) and is 99% yeast free, the treatment is focused - also need give his feet special attention - I guess this somewhat goes with the bread.
I'd like to keep ahead of this ongoing problem as he is bothered enough to cause him to rub his face/ears on the rug/floor and to lick and chew at this feet. He doesn't do this all the time, but he does do it every day, usually in the morning when he first awakes... making him our alarm clock as he grunts while rubbing his ears on the bedroom rug... must feel good : )
Is there a standard dilution of the Tee Tree oil for this type of application? The West Highlands White Terrier has a beautiful white coat (with a faint dorsal strip) and is 99% yeast free, the treatment is focused - also need give his feet special attention - I guess this somewhat goes with the bread.
I'd like to keep ahead of this ongoing problem as he is bothered enough to cause him to rub his face/ears on the rug/floor and to lick and chew at this feet. He doesn't do this all the time, but he does do it every day, usually in the morning when he first awakes... making him our alarm clock as he grunts while rubbing his ears on the bedroom rug... must feel good : )
Best Answer
Thanks for the warning, but while I have read Tea Tree Oil is toxic for cats I had not seen any warning about dogs. I believe humans can use Tea Tree Oil for treatment of some mouth/gum problems...don't take this as a recommendation but Tea Tree Oil is sold in health food stores for human use. My wife had used it on her hair for something, I don't recall what.
I believe it can stain the skin especially if used full strength - then diluting it with water is problematic, in my brief use, Tea Tree Oil is an Oil, yes?
I have used it diluted about 5:1 with water and used my hands/fingers to apply some to the dogs ears, both sides, but not into the eardrum channel. I can't say there has been any noticeable affect, good or bad.
I have not move on to the probiotic issue yet.
I believe it can stain the skin especially if used full strength - then diluting it with water is problematic, in my brief use, Tea Tree Oil is an Oil, yes?
I have used it diluted about 5:1 with water and used my hands/fingers to apply some to the dogs ears, both sides, but not into the eardrum channel. I can't say there has been any noticeable affect, good or bad.
I have not move on to the probiotic issue yet.
COMMUNITY LEADER
Please do be careful of Tea Tree Oil. I have heard it is toxic for dogs and cats.
Here's an excellent article on yeast.....
http://healthypets.mercola.com/sites/healthypets/archive/2011/05/03/eating-these-foods-can-make-your-dog-itch-like-crazy.aspx
http://healthypets.mercola.com/sites/healthypets/archive/2011/05/03/eating-these-foods-can-make-your-dog-itch-like-crazy.aspx
Thanks, the rating you sent on Science Diet is something that was pointed out to me by my Westie breeder/shower/rescuer friend. Strangely, a dog loving fishing friend of mine recommends Science Diet and so does his daughter who is a Cardiologist (if that's what its called) Veterinarian Doctor. She just finished her residency a year ago, so not an old-timer yet.
I assume you refer to the picture I have of my Medhelp profile page of my wife holding Wilson. He had been in our family only a few days when that picture was taken.
Here's another: http://www.westiemed.org/stories/2011/wilson/
This tells the story of Wilson's rescue. Westimed put up some money to pay for is Wilson's emergency medical attention. I picked up where they left off, suppose I have about as many dollars as it would have cost me to purchase a puppy from a reputable breeder. I've looked on Amazon and see your recommendation are available there - I am planning to give that a try, but as I have a fresh bottle of Tea Tree right now I will dilute it and put it were he can't lick... that said I think Tea Tree isn't going to give him a problem even if he ingests a small amount from licking. He isn't an insentient licker in fact he is sound asleep right now waiting for me to get up from the computer.
On the wet food, canned food, I'm not sure he'd eat it. He rejected the "pressed meat" (Spam like) Science Diet canned food I purchased along with the D/D kibble. He might like it if the Natural Balance has a gravy chunky form. Wilson does drink lots of water, and he likes, as I noted already, a shot of hot water in his kibble. He can eat it dry, the Natural Balance has a nice pancake-like shape (much smaller, of course) which is easier to break-up then the round shape other kibble I've had.
I can't recall all the different food I have had him on, but Science Diet was a main line for a few weeks, he liked the one with Samon, and would eat the one for Seniors - I mentioned he has a marginal weight problem. Some fun, I always tell my wife it is hard for him not to over eat as he almost starved to death and has a strong drive to put on some fat to survive the next round, and there he may be right, we may all be going without enough to eat if Washington can't get our debt under control. Oops, there he goes a gain.
Anyway, Wilson was on a Nature's XXXX something that was grain free for a couple of weeks too. The current Natural Balance Sweet-Pots and Fish is what he's been eating for at least 3 weeks, enough to make his diet history less important... unless we find he is allergic to potato and/or fish. Is that possible?
I assume you refer to the picture I have of my Medhelp profile page of my wife holding Wilson. He had been in our family only a few days when that picture was taken.
Here's another: http://www.westiemed.org/stories/2011/wilson/
This tells the story of Wilson's rescue. Westimed put up some money to pay for is Wilson's emergency medical attention. I picked up where they left off, suppose I have about as many dollars as it would have cost me to purchase a puppy from a reputable breeder. I've looked on Amazon and see your recommendation are available there - I am planning to give that a try, but as I have a fresh bottle of Tea Tree right now I will dilute it and put it were he can't lick... that said I think Tea Tree isn't going to give him a problem even if he ingests a small amount from licking. He isn't an insentient licker in fact he is sound asleep right now waiting for me to get up from the computer.
On the wet food, canned food, I'm not sure he'd eat it. He rejected the "pressed meat" (Spam like) Science Diet canned food I purchased along with the D/D kibble. He might like it if the Natural Balance has a gravy chunky form. Wilson does drink lots of water, and he likes, as I noted already, a shot of hot water in his kibble. He can eat it dry, the Natural Balance has a nice pancake-like shape (much smaller, of course) which is easier to break-up then the round shape other kibble I've had.
I can't recall all the different food I have had him on, but Science Diet was a main line for a few weeks, he liked the one with Samon, and would eat the one for Seniors - I mentioned he has a marginal weight problem. Some fun, I always tell my wife it is hard for him not to over eat as he almost starved to death and has a strong drive to put on some fat to survive the next round, and there he may be right, we may all be going without enough to eat if Washington can't get our debt under control. Oops, there he goes a gain.
Anyway, Wilson was on a Nature's XXXX something that was grain free for a couple of weeks too. The current Natural Balance Sweet-Pots and Fish is what he's been eating for at least 3 weeks, enough to make his diet history less important... unless we find he is allergic to potato and/or fish. Is that possible?
Review from Dogfoodadvisor.com
Hill’s Prescription Diet D/D Canine (Dry)
by Mike Sagman
Rating: ★☆☆☆☆
Hill’s Prescription Diet D/D Canine dry dog food earns the Advisor’s lowest rating of 1 star.
The Hill’s Prescription Diet D/D line includes 4 dry dog foods.
Although each product appears to have been designed to help with certain skin conditions and digestive issues linked to food allergies, we found no AAFCO nutritional adequacy statements for these dog foods on the Hill’s website.
Hill’s Prescription Diet D/D Canine Rice and Egg
Hill’s Prescription Diet D/D Canine Potato and Duck
Hill’s Prescription Diet D/D Canine Potato and Salmon
Hill’s Prescription Diet D/D Canine Potato and Venison
Hill's Prescription Diet D/D Canine Potato and Duck
Dry Dog Food
Estimated Dry Matter Nutrient Content
Protein010018
Fat010017
Carbs010057
Ingredients: Potato, potato starch, duck, potato protein, pork fat (preserved with mixed tocopherols and citric acid), soybean oil, natural flavor, dicalcium phosphate, lactic acid, fish oil, powdered cellulose, potassium chloride, iodized salt, calcium carbonate, duck by-product meal, choline chloride, vitamins (l-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate (source of vitamin C), vitamin E supplement, niacin, thiamine mononitrate, vitamin A supplement, calcium pantothenate, biotin, vitamin B12 supplement, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, folic acid, vitamin D3 supplement), dl-methionine, vitamin E supplement, taurine, minerals (ferrous sulfate, zinc oxide, copper sulfate, manganous oxide, calcium iodate, sodium selenite), l-tryptophan, preserved with mixed tocopherols and citric acid, phosphoric acid, beta-carotene, rosemary extract
Fiber (estimated dry matter content) = 1.7%
Red items when present indicate controversial ingredients
Estimated Nutrient Content
Method Protein Fat Carbs
Guaranteed Analysis 18% 17% NA
Dry Matter Basis 18% 17% 57%
Calorie Weighted Basis 16% 35% 50%
The first ingredient in this dog food lists potato. Assuming they’re whole, potatoes are a good source of digestible carbohydrates and other healthy nutrients.
Our only concern here is the amount of potato in this product. Since three of the first four ingredients are all of potato origin, it’s safe to assume potato is the major component in this dog food.
The second ingredient includes potato starch. Potato starch is a gluten-free carbohydrate, both digestible and hypoallergenic.
The third ingredient is duck. Although it is a quality item, raw duck contains about 80% water. After cooking, most of that moisture is lost, reducing the meat content to just a fraction of its original weight.
After processing, this item would probably account for a smaller part of the total content of the finished product.
The fourth ingredient is potato protein, the dry residue remaining after removing the starchy part of a potato.
Even though it contains over 80% protein, this ingredient would be expected to have a lower biological value than meat.
This less expensive plant-based ingredient can significantly boost the total protein content reported in this dog food.
The fifth ingredient is pork fat. Commonly known as lard, pork fat can add significant flavor to any dog food. Though it can be high in saturated oils, in reasonable amounts, pork fat can be considered an acceptable ingredient.
The sixth ingredient is soybean oil, red flagged here only due to its suspected (yet unlikely) link to canine food allergies.
Unfortunately, this oil is preserved with butylated hydroxyanisole (a suspected cancer-causing agent) and propyl gallate (a potential reproductive toxin).
This particular oil should not be considered a quality component.
After the natural flavor, we find dicalcium phosphate, a dietary calcium supplement.
Powdered cellulose is a non-digestible plant fiber usually made from cotton or sawdust. Cellulose is sometimes added to dilute the number of calories per serving and to give the feeling of fullness when it is eaten.
Except for the usual benefits of fiber, powdered cellulose provides no nutritional value to a dog.
Fish oil is naturally rich in omega-3 fatty acids, and (depending on the level of its purity) should be considered a healthy addition.
From here, the list goes on to include a number of other items.
But to be realistic, ingredients located this far down the list (other than nutritional supplements) are not likely to have much of an effect on the overall rating of this product.
With three notable exceptions…
First, we note the inclusion of duck by-product meal, a dry rendered product of slaughterhouse waste. It’s made from what’s left of a slaughtered duck after all the prime cuts have been removed.
In a nutshell, duck by-products are those unsavory leftovers usually considered “unfit for human consumption”.
In addition to organs (the nourishing part), this stuff can contain almost anything — feet, beaks, undeveloped eggs — anything except quality skeletal muscle (real meat).
On the brighter side, by-product meals are meat concentrates and contain nearly 300% more protein than fresh duck.
Next, we find no evidence of probiotics… friendly bacteria applied to the surface of the kibble after processing.
Finally, the minerals here do not appear to be chelated. And that can make them more difficult to absorb. Non-chelated minerals are usually associated with lower quality dog foods.
Hill’s Prescription Diet D/D Dry Dog Food
The Bottom Line
Even though this is a prescription product, we continue to limit our judgment to the estimated meat content of the recipe as well as the apparent quality of its ingredients. And nothing else.
Our ratings have nothing to do with the accuracy of claims made by the manufacturer as to this product’s ability to effectively treat or cure a specific health condition.
So, to find out whether or not this dog food is appropriate for your particular pet, you must consult your veterinarian.
With that understanding…
Judging by its ingredients alone, Hill’s Prescription Diet D/D appears to be a below-average dry dog food.
But ingredient quality by itself cannot tell the whole story. We still need to estimate the product’s meat content before determining a final rating.
With so many potato ingredients, it’s difficult to imagine much meat protein being in this Hill’s Prescription Diet D/D Canine product. And a quick look at the numbers should confirm that suspicion.
The dashboard displays a dry matter protein reading of 18%, a fat level of 17% and an estimated carbohydrate content of 57%.
As a group, the brand features an average protein content of 18% and a mean fat level of 16%. Together, these figures suggest a carbohydrate serving size of 58% for the overall product line.
Below-average protein. Average fat. And above-average carbs… as compared to a typical dry dog food.
Yet when you consider the protein-boosting effect of the potato protein, this looks like the profile of a dry dog food containing only a modest amount of meat.
Bottom line?
Hill’s Prescription Diet D/D is primarily a potato-based dry dog food using a limited amount of duck, salmon, venison or egg as its main source of animal protein… thus earning the brand one.
Not recommended.
Hill’s Prescription Diet D/D Canine (Dry)
by Mike Sagman
Rating: ★☆☆☆☆
Hill’s Prescription Diet D/D Canine dry dog food earns the Advisor’s lowest rating of 1 star.
The Hill’s Prescription Diet D/D line includes 4 dry dog foods.
Although each product appears to have been designed to help with certain skin conditions and digestive issues linked to food allergies, we found no AAFCO nutritional adequacy statements for these dog foods on the Hill’s website.
Hill’s Prescription Diet D/D Canine Rice and Egg
Hill’s Prescription Diet D/D Canine Potato and Duck
Hill’s Prescription Diet D/D Canine Potato and Salmon
Hill’s Prescription Diet D/D Canine Potato and Venison
Hill's Prescription Diet D/D Canine Potato and Duck
Dry Dog Food
Estimated Dry Matter Nutrient Content
Protein010018
Fat010017
Carbs010057
Ingredients: Potato, potato starch, duck, potato protein, pork fat (preserved with mixed tocopherols and citric acid), soybean oil, natural flavor, dicalcium phosphate, lactic acid, fish oil, powdered cellulose, potassium chloride, iodized salt, calcium carbonate, duck by-product meal, choline chloride, vitamins (l-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate (source of vitamin C), vitamin E supplement, niacin, thiamine mononitrate, vitamin A supplement, calcium pantothenate, biotin, vitamin B12 supplement, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, folic acid, vitamin D3 supplement), dl-methionine, vitamin E supplement, taurine, minerals (ferrous sulfate, zinc oxide, copper sulfate, manganous oxide, calcium iodate, sodium selenite), l-tryptophan, preserved with mixed tocopherols and citric acid, phosphoric acid, beta-carotene, rosemary extract
Fiber (estimated dry matter content) = 1.7%
Red items when present indicate controversial ingredients
Estimated Nutrient Content
Method Protein Fat Carbs
Guaranteed Analysis 18% 17% NA
Dry Matter Basis 18% 17% 57%
Calorie Weighted Basis 16% 35% 50%
The first ingredient in this dog food lists potato. Assuming they’re whole, potatoes are a good source of digestible carbohydrates and other healthy nutrients.
Our only concern here is the amount of potato in this product. Since three of the first four ingredients are all of potato origin, it’s safe to assume potato is the major component in this dog food.
The second ingredient includes potato starch. Potato starch is a gluten-free carbohydrate, both digestible and hypoallergenic.
The third ingredient is duck. Although it is a quality item, raw duck contains about 80% water. After cooking, most of that moisture is lost, reducing the meat content to just a fraction of its original weight.
After processing, this item would probably account for a smaller part of the total content of the finished product.
The fourth ingredient is potato protein, the dry residue remaining after removing the starchy part of a potato.
Even though it contains over 80% protein, this ingredient would be expected to have a lower biological value than meat.
This less expensive plant-based ingredient can significantly boost the total protein content reported in this dog food.
The fifth ingredient is pork fat. Commonly known as lard, pork fat can add significant flavor to any dog food. Though it can be high in saturated oils, in reasonable amounts, pork fat can be considered an acceptable ingredient.
The sixth ingredient is soybean oil, red flagged here only due to its suspected (yet unlikely) link to canine food allergies.
Unfortunately, this oil is preserved with butylated hydroxyanisole (a suspected cancer-causing agent) and propyl gallate (a potential reproductive toxin).
This particular oil should not be considered a quality component.
After the natural flavor, we find dicalcium phosphate, a dietary calcium supplement.
Powdered cellulose is a non-digestible plant fiber usually made from cotton or sawdust. Cellulose is sometimes added to dilute the number of calories per serving and to give the feeling of fullness when it is eaten.
Except for the usual benefits of fiber, powdered cellulose provides no nutritional value to a dog.
Fish oil is naturally rich in omega-3 fatty acids, and (depending on the level of its purity) should be considered a healthy addition.
From here, the list goes on to include a number of other items.
But to be realistic, ingredients located this far down the list (other than nutritional supplements) are not likely to have much of an effect on the overall rating of this product.
With three notable exceptions…
First, we note the inclusion of duck by-product meal, a dry rendered product of slaughterhouse waste. It’s made from what’s left of a slaughtered duck after all the prime cuts have been removed.
In a nutshell, duck by-products are those unsavory leftovers usually considered “unfit for human consumption”.
In addition to organs (the nourishing part), this stuff can contain almost anything — feet, beaks, undeveloped eggs — anything except quality skeletal muscle (real meat).
On the brighter side, by-product meals are meat concentrates and contain nearly 300% more protein than fresh duck.
Next, we find no evidence of probiotics… friendly bacteria applied to the surface of the kibble after processing.
Finally, the minerals here do not appear to be chelated. And that can make them more difficult to absorb. Non-chelated minerals are usually associated with lower quality dog foods.
Hill’s Prescription Diet D/D Dry Dog Food
The Bottom Line
Even though this is a prescription product, we continue to limit our judgment to the estimated meat content of the recipe as well as the apparent quality of its ingredients. And nothing else.
Our ratings have nothing to do with the accuracy of claims made by the manufacturer as to this product’s ability to effectively treat or cure a specific health condition.
So, to find out whether or not this dog food is appropriate for your particular pet, you must consult your veterinarian.
With that understanding…
Judging by its ingredients alone, Hill’s Prescription Diet D/D appears to be a below-average dry dog food.
But ingredient quality by itself cannot tell the whole story. We still need to estimate the product’s meat content before determining a final rating.
With so many potato ingredients, it’s difficult to imagine much meat protein being in this Hill’s Prescription Diet D/D Canine product. And a quick look at the numbers should confirm that suspicion.
The dashboard displays a dry matter protein reading of 18%, a fat level of 17% and an estimated carbohydrate content of 57%.
As a group, the brand features an average protein content of 18% and a mean fat level of 16%. Together, these figures suggest a carbohydrate serving size of 58% for the overall product line.
Below-average protein. Average fat. And above-average carbs… as compared to a typical dry dog food.
Yet when you consider the protein-boosting effect of the potato protein, this looks like the profile of a dry dog food containing only a modest amount of meat.
Bottom line?
Hill’s Prescription Diet D/D is primarily a potato-based dry dog food using a limited amount of duck, salmon, venison or egg as its main source of animal protein… thus earning the brand one.
Not recommended.
Hi Jerry, First, THANK YOU for taking in a Rescue.....My favorites!! I saw his picture...He's Wonderful! What were you feeding this guy before the Vet sold you the Science Diet? How long did Wilson eat it? In other words....What has Wilson eaten as long as you've had him?
Natural Balance is a wonderful food.....You need to incorporate some NB canned food into the mix.....Dogs need more moisture in their diets than just dry food...In Wilson's case, it will help flush yeast out of the system...I prefer potato free for Yeasty dogs, but its harder to find......There are a few around, but normally have to be ordered online....You need to get him on a good probiotic for his yeast...It will help....Karla
Natural Balance is a wonderful food.....You need to incorporate some NB canned food into the mix.....Dogs need more moisture in their diets than just dry food...In Wilson's case, it will help flush yeast out of the system...I prefer potato free for Yeasty dogs, but its harder to find......There are a few around, but normally have to be ordered online....You need to get him on a good probiotic for his yeast...It will help....Karla
Thanks, the vet thinks it may be a food allergy and we put him on Science Diet d/d (a vet only formulation) .. Potato & Venison. I asked about grain free, she looked at me quizzically like what am I reading potatoes/venison are not grains... but there is no claim in that regard. My new friend, a Westie show dog person and lawyer who rescued our Westie from being put-down by animal control in Jersey City because the dog was very sick - the good news for the dog, Wilson, is the animal control saw he was a Westie and telephoned the Westie Association of America to see if anyone there was able to take the dog, there was. She was big on no grain, and I dismissed it as a silly thing - all dogs I've known over my long life have been able to eat anything and if it wasn't acceptable they just threw it up. Not so with the Westie. I now have him on Natural Balance Gran Free with limited ingredients a sweet potato and fish formula which my rescue friend recommends... happily Wilson has been willing to eat it every day for a couple of weeks. Another strange, to my experience for dogs, aspect of this dog is he get tired of a food and just refuses to eat it any more. We had used chicken broth to get him to eat the same-o-same-o and it worked, but now nothing chicken, seems chicken and beef are two (in most dog foods) protein sources that some dogs are allergic too - go figure.
Wilson is estimated to be going on 9 years old. He had not been neutered when he was picked up, the rescue person had him neutered. So, he may have been a breeder, but I'd guess not a puppy mill as he has many family connected behavior traits. I can only guess how he ended up yeast infested and starving in Liberty State Park NJ. He has lost most of his hearing. We have to be careful not to surprise him, he is a Terrier and can be very aggressive, when we approach him sleeping, he doesn't hear us coming. He is also very social, gets along well with other dogs and people when we walk him on a leash. He is free ranging on our property and that has not been a problem, we have a country environment with about 3 acres of mowed upper property he can roam and he's not inclined to leave, even if chasing a White Tail Deer, yes he chases deer right up to our property line and then turns around and comes back. This makes me wonder if someone dumped him in Liberty State Park, he's not a run away type. But I ramble, it is fun to talk about the dog.
I think in the above I answered most questions and I will take note of your advice and will check into your helpful treatments. We do not feed him anything besides the dry kibble, with a splash of hot water, he is missing several teeth, include a major one we had removed due to an abscess. The vet wants to limit his diet to test for food allergies. I suppose a wet food with potato and fish would not break the test. Natural Balance claims it is a complete diet and Wilson has if anything a weight problem (too much weight) and a beautiful coat and energy - albeit he can sleep for hours and hours... we are seniors so a nap during the day is pretty common here an he is willing to join right in with the nap.
Wilson is estimated to be going on 9 years old. He had not been neutered when he was picked up, the rescue person had him neutered. So, he may have been a breeder, but I'd guess not a puppy mill as he has many family connected behavior traits. I can only guess how he ended up yeast infested and starving in Liberty State Park NJ. He has lost most of his hearing. We have to be careful not to surprise him, he is a Terrier and can be very aggressive, when we approach him sleeping, he doesn't hear us coming. He is also very social, gets along well with other dogs and people when we walk him on a leash. He is free ranging on our property and that has not been a problem, we have a country environment with about 3 acres of mowed upper property he can roam and he's not inclined to leave, even if chasing a White Tail Deer, yes he chases deer right up to our property line and then turns around and comes back. This makes me wonder if someone dumped him in Liberty State Park, he's not a run away type. But I ramble, it is fun to talk about the dog.
I think in the above I answered most questions and I will take note of your advice and will check into your helpful treatments. We do not feed him anything besides the dry kibble, with a splash of hot water, he is missing several teeth, include a major one we had removed due to an abscess. The vet wants to limit his diet to test for food allergies. I suppose a wet food with potato and fish would not break the test. Natural Balance claims it is a complete diet and Wilson has if anything a weight problem (too much weight) and a beautiful coat and energy - albeit he can sleep for hours and hours... we are seniors so a nap during the day is pretty common here an he is willing to join right in with the nap.
I don't know the formula for that, but another natural product that would probably help would be neem shampoo. They make it for pets as well as people.
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For starters, Antibiotics are the #1 cause of yeast infections, so your Vet prescribing one is only adding to the problem....
I don't have the dilution for Tea-tree oil & you must be careful to get it right as it will burn the skin....
My favorite products for ears & skin are "Zymox" products....They make wonderful ear drops, cleaners & topical sprays.....Used for bacteria, Yeast & Fungus....Can be used daily as a precaution, twice a day for infections or when needed.....This product is natural without any side effects or buildup.....My Vet sells it, but you can order online.....Amazon has it & you might want to read all the reviews...It's my go to product for everything.....
You can soak his feet in diluted Epson Salts for relief.....Let me know what you think.... Good food is the key!!!! Karla