Your HIV test results tell the story: you don't have it. In other words, those result prove that whatever is causing your white tongue and other symptoms, and your wife's, it cannot be HIV. Many viruses and other things cause, all more common than HIV, cause white tongue from time.
Everybody has a row of prominent specialized taste buds in a shallow V-shaped row across the back of the tongue. Usually there are 7 of them. My guess is that explains the "bumps" you describe.
I cannot tell you what other STDs the health department tested you for. You'll have to ask them.
From an HIV standpoint, clearly it is safe for your wife to conceive and bear children. Probably safe with respect to other STDs as well. But don't worry about that part; if/when your wife is pregnant, her health care provider will routinely test her for common STDs anyway.
Good luck-- HHH, MD