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precisely controlled and limited laboratory conditions, CDC studies have shown that drying of even these high concentrations of HIV reduces the amount of infectious virus by 90 to 99 percent within several hours. Since the HIV concentrations used in laboratory studies are much higher than those actually found in blood or other specimens, drying of HIV-infected human blood or other body fluids reduces the theoretical risk of environmental transmission to that which has been observed--essentially zero. Incorrect interpretation of conclusions drawn from laboratory studies have unnecessarily alarmed some people.
Results from laboratory studies should not be used to assess specific personal risk of infection because (1) the amount of virus studied is not found in human specimens or elsewhere in nature, and (2) no one has been identified as infected with HIV due to contact with an environmental surface. Additionally, HIV is unable to reproduce outside its living host (unlike many bacteria or fungi, which may do so under suitable conditions), except under laboratory conditions, therefore, it does not spread or maintain infectiousness outside its host.
Households
Although HIV has been transmitted between family members in a household setting, this type of transmission is very rare. These transmissions are believed to have resulted from contact between skin or mucous membranes and infected blood. To prevent even such rare occurrences, precautions should be taken in all settings, including the home, to prevent exposures to the blood of persons who are HIV infected, at risk for HIV infection, or whose infection and risk status are unknown. For example,
• Gloves should be worn during contact with blood or other body fluids that could possibly contain visible blood, such as urine, faeces, or vomit.
• Cuts, sores, or breaks on both the care giver’s and patient’s exposed skin should be covered with bandages.
• Hands and other parts of the body should be washed immediately after contact with blood or other infectious body fluids, and surfaces soiled with blood or other infectious body fluids should be disinfected appropriately.
• Practices that increase the likelihood of blood contact, such as sharing of razors and toothbrushes, should be avoided.
• Needles and other sharp instruments should be used only when medically necessary and handled according to recommendations for health-care settings. (Do not put caps back on needles by hand or remove needles from syringes; dispose of needles in puncture-proof containers; use needles only once or properly sterilize before re-use.)
This is from the CDC--they say environmental transmission is zero--yet they put that vomit could cause transmission. They list cuts as a route of transmission--- when speaking with a blood draw person---she mentioned capillary vessels or something and these vessels are exposed whenever there is a cut--so everyone is hooped?