Dear David,
A. Mother - It depends on what
valvesHeart valves
Heart valves - anterior view
Heart valves - superior view are involved and to what degree they are leaking. Symptoms or lack thereof are also very important in determining the best treatment. In general the aortic and mitral valves are treated more seriously than the tricuspid and pulmonic. As long as there is no damage to the heart and there are no symptoms due to the leakage the situation may be closely watched. If either symptoms or heart damage begins to show then surgery should be considered. The timing of surgery is more art than science but generally once the decision is made to operate we prefer to go sooner rather than later.
A. Daughter - This one is more straightforward. Functional murmurs are due to increased blood flow across the pulmonic valve and the "vibrations" of the heart and valves. There is no true leakage at all. They are characterized by a systolic "hum" that disappears when the child stands up. There is no increase in heart problems, risk of death or other medical problems with a functional murmur. If asked if a child correctly diagnosed with a functional murmur has a heart murmur the answer is "no". There is no need to get yearly echos for functional murmurs.
Hope this helps.