Antibody Tests
The first test usually done for hepatitis C is an antibody test such as an EIA. A reactive (positive) result means that, at some time in your life, you were exposed to hepatitis C and your body produced antibodies to fight off the virus. If the EIA test is reactive (positive), a second antibody test called the RIBA (which is more accurate) may be used to confirm the result. Most people who test reactive (positive) to both antibody tests are chronic carriers, meaning they carry the virus in their blood and can pass the virus on to others. However, some people (about 15-25%) who have a reactive (positive) result can clear the virus on their own without treatment. Further testing should be done to determine if you are chronically infected.
PCR
A PCR is a viral load test that detects the presence of hepatitis C in the blood. If the PCR is positive, you are infected with the hepatitis C virus, and are probably a chronic carrier. If you undergo treatment for hepatitis C, this test helps to monitor whether the medicines are working.
In hepatitis antibody testing, the term “reactive” can be used synonymously with “positive”.