Persistent HCV after SVR
Sustained virological response, or continued undetectable HCV viral load six months after completion of treatment, is widely considered a "cure." But active virus may persist at low levels, according to a study in the May 2009 Hepatology. In a laboratory study, S. MacParland and colleague assessed the infectivity of persistent HCV in cultured human T-cells. Naive lymphoid cells were exposed to plasma or supernatant material from cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from nine sustained responders to interferon-based therapy. The researchers looked for HCV RNA positive and negative strands, as well as the HCV nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A), mutant HCV variants, and release of newly produced virus particles.
The investigators found that 11 of the 12 established cell cultures had detectable HCV RNA positive strands, and four also had evidence of negative strands produced during viral replication. NS5A was detected in the newly infected cells. Sequencing revealed HCV mutants not found in the original samples, another indicator of ongoing replication. Plasma from three patients elicited productive infection in culture cells. "HCV persisting at very low levels long after therapy-induced resolution of chronic hepatitis C can remain infectious," the researchers concluded.