Unfortunately I cannot answer question 1
I don't know why you had the surgery but microdiscectomy is indicated for small
focalFocal neurological deficits disc protrusions that are thought to be causing neurological disability or severe pain. They mst be small or it will not work. It takes time for the wound to heal, and there may be assocaited muscle injury or strain also.
I would suggest seeing a sports medicine specialist as you are a comeptitive athlete, as well as pain meds a graded physical therapy program will be just as important. Standing 6-8 hours a day will not help too much either, sitting down for some of that may help.
Good luck
But start with consulting your surgeon.