Without reviewing the films and your examination I cannot provide specific advice. However, given the description of your spine, it does not appear that surgery is imminent. Anti-inflammatories and physical therapy are typically the first line treatments utilized. The Schmorl nodes are areas of reaction in the spine, related to the degenerative changes. None of these findings can be felt at the surface of your skin. The bump you felt was most likely a muscle spasm. If this is still a problem a trial of a muscle relaxant may be of some use. Good luck.
Spine surgery helps the vast majority of people who have it but some it does not help and some people have increased pain afterwards. The best advice anyone could give you at this point is to have more than one opinion from a qualified doctor and to educate yourself on your specific condition.