TNM STAGING OF OVARIAN CANCER 1C

stage 1c has tumor on ovarian surface with cells in ascitic fluid. or peritoneal washing.

stage 2a has growth extended to neighbouring structures without ascitic fluid cell or peritoneal washing.

my question is how did tumor extended to neighbouring structure without giving cells in peritoneal fluid.

[endos]

Cancer cells spread when sack is broken around cancerous  ovary.That is how the cancer 'seeds' in the abdomen  Sometimes it is ruptured before they open you up , sometimes during the surgery it ruptures as they are tring to take it out. Sometimes the ovarian tumor "sticks" to toher organs and causes spread to that organ.