Your 3-year-old son’s runny nose could be coming from drainage from the nose and sinuses that can run out of the nose as well as down the back of the throat. This postnasal drip can cause a runny nose as well as a constant feeling of mucus at the back of the throat. Typically this is worse at night when he lays down to sleep. Generally this irritation feels the worst when he wakes up and gets better as the day goes on. There could be several reasons for this drainage. One reason is an allergy. A second reason is a non-allergic, non-infectious inflammation in the sinuses that can linger after a cold. A third reason is chronic sinusitis.
An antihistamine, like the Zyrtec® (cetirizine), can dry up the postnasal drip. However, it may make the mucus thicker and more difficult to move. A decongestant like Sudafed® (pseudoephedrine) can thin the drainage and decrease the swelling so it drains easier. A combination antihistamine-decongestant will do both. Check with your son’s doctor to see if Zyrtec-D® (cetirizine/pseudoephedrine), a combination antihistamine-decongestant, would help him more. Often an antihistamine and decongestant are taken only when the postnasal drip gets bad. It may be more helpful to take the antihistamine and decongestant on a regular basis. Singulair® (montelukast sodium) helps when the irritation is due to allergies.
A nasal wash helps remove mucus and germs from the nose and sinuses. This can temporarily decrease the postnasal drip and lessen his runny nose. It is most helpful when done daily before using any nasal spray. A prescription antihistamine nasal spray, like Astelin® (azelastine), helps when the postnasal drip is due to allergies. When the postnasal drip is thin and watery Atrovent® Nasal Spray (ipratropium bromide) may help to dry this up. A prescription nasal steroid spray, like Nasonex® (mometasone), decreases mucus production by decreasing the inflammation of the nose and sinuses. This may prevent the postnasal drip and runny nose. A nasal steroid spray does not provide immediate relief of symptoms. It may take several weeks of routine use to become effective. Sometimes it takes the antihistamine, the decongestant, and the nasal wash followed by the Atrovent® Nasal Spray (ipratropium bromide), and the nasal steroid spray ALL used routinely to keep the postnasal drip from bothering your son. Please read our Nasal Wash MedFact at http://www.nationaljewish.org/medfacts/nasal.html for more information about this technique. Share this information with your doctor to see if your son would benefit from this daily treatment.
Wheezing is the most common symptom. However some people only cough. With asthma the basic problem is chronic inflammation along with tightening of the smooth muscles that surround the airways of the lungs. This inflammation increases the sensitivity of the airways to a variety of things that make asthma worse. These asthma triggers vary from person to person. For some people allergies cause more asthma symptoms, but for other people allergies do not cause asthma symptoms at all. Infections, like sinusitis, are a common trigger. When asthma is triggered by infections, it is common for asthma to be worse during the winter months. Also asthma tends to be worse during the night or first thing in the morning. Please check with your 10-year-old son’s doctor to see if this could be his problem.
Generally testing for asthma starts with a simple breathing test called spirometry. This test provides detailed information about how the lungs are working. It will show if there is obstruction in the airways. Usually 80% or higher is considered normal. To really test for asthma this test may be repeated after using a rescue inhaler, like the bronchodilator albuterol. This measures how much the bronchodilator helps the lungs by reversing the problem. When there is a 20% increase the test is positive for asthma. A chest x-ray is done to be sure that there isn’t any other problem that would need to be treated differently.
Sinusitis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the sinus cavities. Inflammation of the sinuses could be due to an allergy, an infection, or ongoing exposure to an irritant, such as pollution or smoke. Symptoms can include a headache or pressure in the area of the sinuses, a stuffy nose, achy teeth, an odor coming from the nose, postnasal drip, cough, sore throat, laryngitis, lightheadedness, constant low fever, and thick, yellow to green nasal drainage. This inflammation can block sinus drainage and cause increased mucus production. The mucus can drain from the nose and sinuses down the back of the throat causing a constant or intermittent postnasal drip and sore throat.
The best way to identify a sinus infection is with a sinus CT scan, although sinus x-rays are a decent alternative. A sinus CT scan will also identify if any of the openings that drain the sinuses are blocked. If your 10-year-old son’s symptoms are due to sinusitis, they will last as long as the inflammation continues. Here are some ways to clear up the inflammation. Please check with his doctor to see which of these would work best for him. Please read our Sinusitis MedFact at http://www.nationaljewish.org/medfacts/sin.html for more information. The treatment that was listed above to help your 3-year-old son’s runny nose should also help if sinusitis is your 10-year-old son’s problem.