This is a relatively small nodule. Size alone would favor this not being cancer. However spiculation is seen in approximately 80% of peripheral lung cancers. Spiculation occurs on the edges of a nodule. It refers to an irregularity of the surface. The spicules project from the surface of the nodule like needles. They look somewhat like the tiny thorns of a rose bush. Such nodules may or may not be cancer. In general nodules that are not cancer have smooth edges and nodules that are cancer have irregular edges. However this association is not always the case.
The nodule and the
enlargedEnlarged adenoids
Enlarged prostate hilar lymph node may or may not be related. Review of previous x-rays that demonstrate the pre-existence of this lymph node would be helpful.
Bottom line -- if this nodule is not calcified, it must be removed. Given its peripheral location, it would most likely be readily accessible with video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS).
If this is not a cancer, it is most likely a granuloma, due to a prior lung infection.