Directly to your questions:
1) There is no relationship between canker sores and herpes. They are entirely separate health problems. Both canker sores and recurrent oral herpes sometimes can be triggered by other infections, like your recent respiratory infection.
2) It is uncommon for someone to have simultaneous oral and genital HSV infection. It can occur, but not because the virus travels through the body, e.g. from genitals to mouth. It only happens when someone simultaneously gets infected at both sites, like having genital sex and oral sex with an infected partner.
3) Most herpes lesions are painful, but many are painless. Your description of your genital lesion sound like it could be herpes, but not necessarily. If so, it is probably unrelated to the other bug bites or to your bout with canker sores, and probably nothing to do with your sexual activities with your partner.
Bottom line: Probably neither your oral sores nor your genital lesion were due to herpes, but there is no way for me to know for certain. Blood tests are available to tell if someone has been infected with HSV-1, HSV-2, or both. See your health care provider if you want to pursue that possibility. And certainly see a provider immediately (within 1-2 days) if a similar genital sore appears again in the future.
Good luck-- HHH, MD