Your symptoms had nothing to do with your sexual adventures the night before. STDs do not cause the symptoms you describe--definitely not the sinus/discharge symptoms, and STDs rarely cause sore throat either. Second, no STD can cause symptoms the next day after exposure; it always takes at least 2-3 days. You caught a cold, nothing more.
Your nurse was wrong about oral sex and chlamydia. Chlamydial infections of the mouth and throat are rare, even after oral sex. And in the rare occasions chlamydia occurs in the throat, it causes no symptoms--no sore throat, nothing. (Same for gonorrhea.) I doubt you needed the azithromycin (colds are due to viruses, which do not respond to antibiotics)--but if you happned to have chlamydia, that treatment would have cleared it up.
Canker sores are not due to STD. As you probably have found in the past, sometimes they are triggered by colds. There might be a theoretical possibility that the sore was due to oral herpes, but that seems very unlikely.
In other words, I believe you have no STD problem to worry about, and there is no reason to suppose your partner is infected or is at risk for anything. But of course if your symptoms persist, or if they return, follow up with your health care provider.
Good luck-- HHH, MD
The only other ? i had was about the sores that came 2 days later....could it have been another STD? I figure form what you said no but I am just rying to lower my anxiety....Thanks so much again