Most questions about herpes on this forum come from people who are inappropriately worried about it. But in your case, I believe your concerns are legitimate and that your doctor doesn't have a good understanding either of the disease or your concern about it. I cannot say your previous partner's penile blister was herpes, maybe just a pimple--but herpes seems possible. Also, your new partner's symptoms are not typical for herpes; blood in the urine is rare, if it occurs at all--but herpes can cause painful urination. (With your finding of 'a lot of vaginal discharge' and your new partner's symptoms, I'm more concerned you might have chlamydia or gonorrhea.)
However, your symptoms indeed do not suggest herpes. Putting all of the pros and cons together, my best guess is that you probably don't have herpes. At the same time, you don't seem to be overly obsessed by the possibility--i.e., your concerns seem realistic to me. Therefore, you should have a herpes blood test. Both your providers are wrong about testing. Although the blood tests aren't perfect, mostly they work well to tell clearly whether someone is infected or not.
Many public STD clinics don't do the herpes blood tests, mostly because of expense, and partly because they misunderstand the test. So you may have to find another provider; even if the STD clinic doesn't do the test, they probably will be able to name a provider in your area who will do it. Or, if you are in the US, call the American Social Health Association (www.ashastd.org); they often can provide the names of providers who undertand herpes in various parts of the country.
Bottom line: Probably you don't have it, but the suspicion is there and you should be tested.
Good luck-- HHH, MD