The thyroid is notoriously hard to get a firm diagnosis. I had my FNA and it revealed only "binign follicular clusters" and I still had cancer. My sister hit the jackpot and was diagnosed on her first try. 898_1 is correct on the %ages...most of the time if they get a cancer diagnosis, they are correct. The problems come when they do not test the right nodule, or get cells that are suggestive of cancer but not sure...Example, because my cells were follicular and clustering they couldn't tell me for sure it wasn't cancer. The tumors in that nodule tested were less than 2 mm...like the size of a pinhead, which are very hard to hit with a small needle. Had they tested the second largest nodule, they would have had a cancer diagnosis, it was pretty much all cancer. So there are many variables in getting a diagnosis.
I have had two biopsies on a cold nodule, 10 years apart, and both came back negative. The nodule multiplied, still negative biopsy. Decided to have TT, and two spots of papillary cancer was found on the lobes - not any of the nodules. I don't think there is a 100% certainty of most things.
Most biopsies are 85 to 90 % accurate in cancer diagnosis