Correction, I do stay away from certain "problem" foods, such as many beans, kidney, black, pinto, etc. These are the worst offenders and I've just stopped eating them for so long that I forgot they still give me discomfort after eating, even with the meds.
I had many of the same symptoms as you including intense pain in the throat and a full feeling after swallowing like the food wasn't going down properly. I had a barium swallow and an upper GI endoscopy, and they diagnosed me with GERD and diffuse esophageal spasms. I also had a few "strictures" which narrowed down my esophagus and made it painful to swallow certain foods - they dilated these areas during the upper GI. I've been on medication to stop the spasms and to reduce the amount of stomach acid for over 10 years. No pain with eating any of my former "problem" foods. I go back for upper GI endoscopies whenever I begin to have the problems again, and they do another dilation, and I'm good to go for another few years.
Do you have any white at the back of your throat? You may want to get a barium swallow study done. It's possible you have gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. With the barium swallow, they can tell if acid is coming back up and also I think they can look for hiatal hernia with that test as well.