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Dear Barb R.,
Urinary frequency could be due to different causes, such as infection, inflammation, too much fluid intake, diabetes, unstable bladder, bladder stones, and bladder tumors to name a few. In a child infection or an unstable/overactive bladder is more likely than other causes. In your son's case infection has been ruled out. The possibility of an overactive bladder should be looked at. Urinary frequency may resolve and disappear just as fast as it came on, especially in children.
All healthy individuals excrete small amounts of protein in their urine (proteinuria) on a daily basis. When it has exceeded certain levels and is detectable by a dipstick or by a more direct method of measurement , then it may be indicative of underlying kidney disease or other diseases, and may need to be further evaluated. When using a dipstick there are incidences of false positive readings (i.e., when the dipstick shows protein being present while there is no protein). This could happen when a urine sample tested is too dilute (specific gravity is less than 1.018), or if the urine is too alkaline (as opposed to be acidic).
Proteinuria may be transient, intermittent, or persistent. Most of the proteinuria seen in the pediatric population is transient, and usually resolves spontaneously within a few days and would not require any evaluation, except for several urine checks a few days apart. It could be as a result of fever, emotional stress, or exercise. In adults it may be due to heart failure. Obviously if the protein in the urine does not resolve, it should be investigated further.
Intermittent proteinuria may be due to low blood pressure as a result of standing for long periods of time. In case of a normal kidney function, this may not require any work up.
Persistent proteinuria is often a sign of kidney disease or other diseases, such as multiple myeloma, which is not common in children. One of the possible signs of kidney problem is unexplained swelling of the face and extremities. Since your son has swelling as you described , you should let your doctor know.
As far as reflux, if it is present ( I am not certain from your letter , if your son has reflux or not), the patient must be kept on prophylaxtic (preventive) doses of antibiotics to prevent infection. Urinary reflux does tend to run in families, and with your history, your son and other children must be re-evaluated and watched closely by a urologist.
This information is provided for general medical educational purposes only. Please consult your physician for diagnostic and treatment options pertaining to your specific medical condition. More individualized care is available at the Henry Ford Hospital and its satellites (1 800 653-6568).
Sincerely,
HFHS M.D.-BE
*keyword: proteinuria and urinary frequency