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Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL) is a condition most commonly seen in preterm infants. It is caused by an inadequate blood supply in the periventricular area (area surrounding the ventricles) of the brain. Because of the inadequate blood supply, that area of the brain may die and is converted to a cyst-like structure filled with fluid.
Risk factors for the development of PVL include infection in the baby or mother, low blood pressure, and low oxygen levels in the baby’s blood for prolonged periods.
Imaging modalities that can help in the diagnosis include ultrasound, MRI scan and CT scan of the brain.
PVL is an important cause of cerebral palsy, developmental delays, and behavior problems.
Cystic encephalomalacia is like PVL. In cystic encephalomalacia, the brain parenchyma is involved, not the periventricular area. The cause is the same as in periventricular leukomalacia.
Hope this helps.