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I know this isn't the most helpful advice, but based on your post, it sounds like anything could have caused the behavior (bad day at school, girl he liked ignored him, etc.). It sounds like you were an easy target for whatever steam he needed to vent, and he invited the behavior by passive-aggressively making the mess. That's definitely part of what teenagers do - internalize all their problems and then find someone to vent on (I remember doing it, and watching my siblings do it). My hunch is that it's going to be a phase you're going to have to tough out, and if there is a "fix" it's not going to be easy. I sure hope someone else posts with more experience.
A friend told me how her dad dealt with angsty teenagers (including herself). He had a sharp ear for anytime she and her sisters talked back to their mom or refused to do chores. Then, days or weeks later, when they came to dad for a ride to a friend's house, he would comment calmly, "I seem to remember your mother asking you to do something a while ago. If you don't have time to help your mother, then I don't really have the time to drive you to your friends." Apparently it smartened up the girls in a hurry, and the dad never had to raise his voice or lose his temper.
End point: you might not need to concoct an effective punishment immediately, but do draw a firm line for what you will and will not accept (and make sure your wife and the father support your position). The punishment doesn't have to be heavy-handed - just enough to impress upon the teen that there *are* consequences for his actions, and it's *his* choice to work with his family members or against them. Good luck!
Gonna have to remember that one!