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Heart Disease

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Nutritional Supplements and Heart Health

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References

  1. Saravanan P, Davidson NC, Schmidt EB, Calder PC. Cardiovascular effects of marine omega-3 fatty acids. Lancet.  2010; 375:540-50.
     
  2. Breslow, JL.  n-3 Fatty acids and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(suppl):1477S-82S
     
  3. De Caterina R. n-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 2011;364:2439-2350.
     
  4. Lee JH, O’Keefe JH, Lavie CJ, Marchioli R,  Harris WS. Omega-3 fatty acids for cardioprotection. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008; 83(3): 324-32
     
  5. Das UN. Beneficial effects of eicosapentaenoic acid in coronary heart disease with peripheral vascular diseases: but how and why? Circulation.  2010;74.
     
  6. Kowey PR, Reiffel JA, Ellenbogen KA, et al. Efficacy and safety of prescription omega-3 fatty acids for the prevention of recurrent symptomatic atrial fibrillation: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2010;304(21):2363-2372.
     
  7. Rauch B, Schiele R, Schneider S, et al. OMEGA, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to test the effect of highly purified omega-3 fatty acids on top of modern guideline-adjusted therapy after myocardial infarction. Circulation 2010;122:2152-2159.
     
  8. Kromhout D, Giltay EJ, Geleijnse JM. n-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2010;363:2015-2026.
     
  9. Toole JF, Malinow MR, Chambless LE, et al. Lowering homocysteine in patients with ischemic stroke to prevent recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and death: the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;291:565-75.
     
  10. Mager A, Orvin K, Koren-Morag N, et al. Impact of homocysteine-lowering vitamin therapy on long-term outcome of patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol.  2009;104:745-49.
     
  11. Chambers JC, Ueland PM, Obeid OA, Wrigley J, Refsum H, Kooner JS. Improved vascular endothelial function after oral B vitamins: an effect mediated through reduced concentrations of free plasma homocysteine. Circulation. 2000; 102:2479-83.
     
  12. Bonaa KH, Njolstad I, Ueland PM, et al. Homocysteine lowering and cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1578-88.
     
  13. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) 2 Investigators. Homocysteine lowering with folic acid and B vitamins in vascular disease. N Engl J Med.  2006;354:1567-77.
     
  14. Doshi SN, McDowell IF, Moat SJ, et al. Folic acid improves endothelial function in coronary artery disease via mechanisms largely independent of homocysteine lowering. Circulation.  2002;105:22-26.
     
  15. Singh RB, Neki NS, Kartikey K, et al. Effect of coenzyme Q10 on risk of atherosclerosis in patients with recent myocardial infarction. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 2003;246:75-82.
     
  16. Kizhakekuttu TJ, Widlansky ME. Natural antioxidants and hypertension: promise and challenges. Cardiovasc Ther. 2010;28(4):e20-e32.
     
  17. Yalcin A, Kiline E, Sagcan A, Kultursay H. Coenzyme Q10 concentrations in coronary artery disease. Clinical Biochemistry. 2004;37:706-9.
     
  18. Kettawan A, Takahashi T, Kongkachuichai R, et al. Protective effects of Coenzyme Q10 on decreased oxidative stress resistance induced by simvastatin. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2007;40:194-202.
     
  19. Gundling K, Ernst, E.  Complementary and alternative medicine in cardiovascular disease: What is the evidence it works? WJM. 1999;171:191-94. 
     
  20. Chello M, Mastroroberto P, Romano R, et al. Protection by coenzyme Q10 from myocardial reperfusion injury during coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thor Surg 1994;58:1427-1432.
     
  21. Sesso HD, Buring JE, Christen WG, et al. Vitamins E and C in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in men: the Physicians Health Study II randomized controlled trial. JAMA.  2008;300(18):2123-33.
     
  22. Losonczy KG, Harris TB, Havlik RJ. Vitamin E and vitamin C supplement use and risk of all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality in older persons: the Established Populations of Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly. Am J Clin Nutr.  1996;64:190-96.
     
  23. Cook NR, Albert CM, Gaziano M, et al. A randomized factorial trial of vitamins C and E and beta carotene in the secondary prevention: results from the Women’s Antioxidant Cardiovascular Study. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(15):1610-18.
     
  24. Kurl S, Tuomainen TP, Laukkanen JA, et al.  Plasma vitamin C modifies the association between hypertension and risk of stroke. Stroke. 2002;33:1568-73.
     
  25. Kushi LH, Folsom AR, Prineas RJ, et al. Dietary antioxidant vitamins and death from coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med.  1996;334:1156-62.
     
  26. Judd SE, Tangpricha V. Vitamin D deficiency and risk for cardiovascular disease. Am J Med Sci.  2009;338(1):40-44.
     
  27. Pilz S, Marz W, Wellnitz B, et al. Association of vitamin D deficiency with heart failure and sudden cardiac death in a large cross-sectional study of patients referred for coronary angiography. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008; 93:3927-35.
     
  28. Bair T, Muhlestein JB, May HT, et al. Supplementing deficient vitamin D levels is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010; 55( 10a) : A59.
     
  29. Bolland MJ, Grey A, Avenell A, Gamble GD, Reid IR. Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women’s Heath Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis. Br Med J.  2011;342:2040-49.
     
  30. Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Ascherio A, et al. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease in men. N Engl J Med.  1993;328:1450-56.
     
  31. Stephens NG, Parsons A, Schofield PM, Kelly F, Cheeseman K, Micthinson MJ.  Randomized controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study (CHAOS). Lancet. 1996;347:781-86.

 

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