Not right away, but about two weeks after. Basically, the egg is only alive for 12-24 hours after ovulation...but your progesterone levels continue to stay high for about 2 weeks, which keeps you from getting your period. Then, unless a fertilized egg (embryo) takes over the production of progesterone, you'll get your period. Hope that makes sense.
When egg does not implant your progesterone drops and your body sheds the lining of the uterus (i.e. you get your period). Your body waits about 12-14 days for implantation to take place after you ovulate.