Information provided to me from one of the labs in the UK that provide HIV testing to the majority of private doctors on Harley Street, London. Hope it helps someone;
Specific tests for HIV include antibody and antigen (p24); Screening serology
is done by ELISA. Positive specimens are then confirmed by a different method
(e.g.. Western blot).
50% of ELISA tests are positive within 22 days after HIV transmission; 95% are
positive within 6 weeks after transmission.
The sensitivity of screening serological tests is ~99.5%. Molecular biology
techniques (PCR) show a small incidence of individuals (<1%) who are infected
with HIV for up to 3 months without generating antibody response.
The specificity of positive results by two different techniques approaches
100% even in low risk populations. False-positive screen tests may occur as
normal biological variants or in association with recent influenza vaccination
or other disease states such as connective tissue disease. To avoid
false-positive results, repeatedly reactive results must be confirmed with
Western blot assay. False-positive screening tests are usually detected by
negative confirmatory tests.