How does the state of hydration affect the vital signs
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The body is about 75% water. There is water between the space of cells and water within the cell. On a short term basis the mechanism for a need for water is to provide water to cells from the space that contains water. Vital signs may include postural readings (blood pressure and pulse rate are taken lying down and standing). With dehydration, the pulse rate may increase and the blood pressure may drop because the intravascular space is depleted of fluid.
Low blood pressure and a faster heart is an attempt to get more blood volume into the system.