Platelets are produced in your bone marrow. A medical problem that involves your bone marrow, such as occurs with leukemia and some types of anemia, could lead to a reduction in the number of new platelets produced. Viral infections, including HIV infection, may suppress your bone marrow's ability to make platelets. Other cancers that affect bone marrow, chemotherapy drugs and heavy alcohol consumption also can impair platelet production.
A number of conditions can deplete platelets for instance a normal spleen works to fight infection and filter unwanted material from your blood. An enlarged spleen - which can be caused by a number of disorders - may harbor too many platelets, causing a decrease in the number of platelets in circulation