If your sexual encounter with that prostitute was protected there is nothing to worry about. There would be risk of syphilis and herpes if your skin had got in touch with active sores.
Regarding the painful sensation of your wife, it could be just because of having sex without condom, as skin is not as soft as latex. The physical action of having sex without protection can lead to these kind of sensations. Maybe you can try some kind of lube.
If you concern, you should test for syphilis and herpes. If it's 3 months after the encounter with the prostitute, both tests will be accurate.
All the best.