There are no data about STD/HIV transmission for men related to ejaculation in or out of the vagina. I doubt there is any difference. I don't follow your reasoning as to why ejaculation would increase the risk; the meatus (penile opening) is no more "open" or "closed" before, during or after ejaculation.
I can't comment on the level of risk; you don't provide enough information about your partner. It's even possible she was more at risk of infection from you than you were from her. Many other threads on this forum have addressed the very low risk of HIV acquisition during any single episode of vaginal intercourse, even if one partner is infected--and probably she isn't. Chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes and HPV all are much more likely than HIV. If you have reason to believe your quickie partner hops in the sack frequently with different guys, you might want to be tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia.
Good luck-- HHH, MD
http://www.medical-health-care-information.com/encyclopedia/Aids-hiv.asp