I agree with the previous comment and recommendations. In addition, you may have tonsillitis. Often times it feels as though there is something stuck in the back of your throat or it feel rough like sandpaper. That combined with the post nasal dripping makes it difficult to swallow. The white mucus (moon like) discharge on your tonsils is your bodies way of fighting the infection.
If this continues I would see an Ear, Nose, and Throat doctor. I kept getting strep and ignored the infection until it was so sever I had to have a tonsillectomy. It is painful for an adult to go through but I've never had a sore throat or post nasal drip since!
Well it does sound like you had an infection of your upper respiratory tract that appears to have cleared up now, but has left you with post nasal drip or febrile catarrh.
Make sure that you drink plenty of soothing warm drinks. Keep off all milk products as this encourages mucus build-up.
Do steam inhalations 4 times a day for a duration of 10 minutes each time. This will help loosen up the thick catarrh that is clinging to the back of your throat that is dripping down from your sinuses and nose.
For steam inhalation get a bowl and fill it with hot water and add some Vick or Olbas oil. Take care not to get scalded. Bend your head over the bowl of steam and cover your head and the bowl with a towel. Inhale the steam.
The vomiting that you are experiencing may be due to the mucus upsetting your stomach, or you now have a different but. Make sure that you do drink. As you keep vomiting, it will be better to drink little sips often rather than drink in big gulps. Keep off the milk products whilst you are unwell.
Best wishes.