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How will I know whether my diabetes treatment is working?

You can keep track of the ABCs of diabetes to make sure your treatment is working. Talk with your healthcare provider about the best targets for you.

A stands for A1C (a test that measures blood glucose control).

Have an A1C test at least twice a year. It shows your average blood glucose level over the past 3 months. Talk with your doctor about whether you should check your blood glucose at home and how to do it. 

• A1C target: Below 7%, unless your doctor sets a different target.
• Blood glucose targets:
  • Before meals: 90 to 130 mg/dL
  • 1 to 2 hours after the start of a meal: Less than 180 mg/dL

B is for blood pressure.

Have it checked at every office visit.

• Blood pressure target: Below 140/80 mm Hg, unless your doctor sets a different target.

C is for cholesterol.

Have it checked at least once a year.

• Blood fat (cholesterol) targets
  • LDL (bad) cholesterol: Under 100 mg/dL
  • Triglycerides: Under 150 mg/dL
  • HDL (good) cholesterol:
    • For men: above 40 mg/dL
    • For women: above 50 mg/dL

Control of the ABCs of diabetes can reduce your risk for heart disease and stroke. If your blood glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels aren't on target, ask your doctor what changes in diet, activity, and medications can help you reach these goals. A smartphone app like Sugar Sense (for both Android and iOS) is great for tracking your blood glucose targets, A1C levels and more; data over time is shown on handy charts you can review to check your progress and even show to your healthcare provider.  

Published on April 14, 2016.

Source: National Diabetes Informational Clearinghouse. February 19, 2014.