more concerning would be STDs (sexually transmitted diseases) that are easy to catch, such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphillis, hepatitis. These can be tested for by your doctor or the public health department.
Catching HIV from a one-night stand is unlikely, but increases if there is rough sex or anal intercouse involved since that has more risk of tearing skin and opening a way in. You never know if the partner is HIV + too. It's worth talking to your doctor about, but not worrying about.
Don't you know that if you have to have sex will a complete stranger; you should make him wrap it as well as you taking care of yourself. I'd go get checked out. Don't forget to tell your Dr. what happened so he knows what route to take in keeping you healthy. Good luck, hopefully, this is just a wake up call for you.