If it was just a basic physical, then no. You have to request std testing.
All S.T.D.s have an incubation period. The only way it would show positive for an s.t.d at your most recent check-up is if you have already had one prior to the unprotected intercourse 2 days ago. I would go back in 3weeks and be retested. On the other hand if you were tested for H.I.V and were negative, you will still need to go back and be restested in 3 months. The virus can take up to 3 months before it can be detected in the blood stream from the last time of unprotected sex. I have been tested positive for "trich" although curable, Herpes, HPV and HIV aren't, don't risk it and wrap it up!!!!!