It sounds as if you did everything right. You allowed your vet to do many of the necessary tests, including a very definitive test which is the ultrasound, and you even allowed a feeding tube to be put in! It sounds as if there really was not anything additionally that would have helped.
A biopsy would have required surgery and it sounds as if your cat may not have survived surgery even if it had been performed.
You did the right thing by your cat. He no longer had any quality of life and he would only have deteriorated the longer you waited. It probably was cancer.
I understand that this is all in the past now and that medicine is not an exact science and bloodwork can give some insight but not having a diagnosis has left me feeling such guilt that there was more we could have done. His levels were decreasing but then we had that trouble with the tube and he stopped eating on his own and we couldn't get him the food. Had we could this outcome be different? everything i read says the liver is the one organ that is able to repair itself and that white blood cell count and lympho mono levels can be elevated due to infection. did we miss treating something like inflammatory bowel or pancreatitis or his teeth. feel like if we had given him the right nutritional support could have reversed this but could never get a definitive answer as to how much food. makes sense those values went up and liver was so large b/c we weren't feeding him enough or treating any issue. feel like this downhill progression could have been prevented. seems like the symptoms of jaundice,...high liver levels and fluid retention are things that we could have treated