Anger is an emotion in the body which prepares it for a fight, or to run away if you start to lose. Vessels to vital muscles, such as those in the limbs, are opened to supply more oxygen. Vessels to organs such as the digestive system are narrowed to give more blood to the muscles and brain for faster thinking. Now there is more blood flowing through wider vessels, the heart has to work a lot harder to deliver it. The heart will squeeze faster, and it will also pump more regularly (increased heart rate).
Fear is a similar system in the body, it prepares the body to run or fight.
You may hear many people say "time slowed down" when they were involved in an accident or trauma. What actually happens is that the extra supply of oxygen to the brain enables much faster thinking, making things seem slower. We can't be like this all the time because the pressure of the blood will not do the brain any good long term. However, it makes you wonder how much more efficient we could be if more blood was available for the brain.