might i add you used protection , so your odds go further down to slim or zero.
syphillis is rare in developing countries, there were less than 10,000 cases in the US out of 800 million americans, i would say your chances were less than 1%. In theory is it possible of course is it likely NO.
you did not get syphillis from this enounter. Syphillis is rae in developing countries. I would refrain from seeing hookers but if you must always wear a condom.