Did you ever find an answer? I had hard white flakes coming out of my fingers for over a year. Hundreds daily and all the same shape. They were very painful and I constantly scratched myself when they were poking through and I rubbed my face, arms, etc. I might have an answer for you if you are still suffering from this ailment.
Oh, that is good information. I commend you for your service and know so many things that people suffered when returning from Vietnam. My good friend's dad has had a list of insults to injury from his service in Vietnam of health problems. He was just diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and they link much of what he has to agent orange exposure. I digress. Sorry. But know you are in a tough position. Can you only see doctors at the VA? Some are great but many seem lacking in the care they give. (sorry VA hospitals, this is what I've heard/read). If you could get to a board certified Dermatologist, that would be ideal. The pain you experience where you can't open a jar, this is soreness at the skins surface or deeper in? Due to the flaking skin?
So, this may seem obvious but what type of care have you given it other than picking/scraping it off? Our skin needs to be nourished like the rest of us. Drinking water is one way to do that from the inside out. But also, moisturizers can really help in situations like this. You wouldn't want to aggravate it, of course, so checking with a doctor for what would be best to use would make sense here. But I suspect something mild made for sensitive skin. Did this start when you started shaving or how long has it been going on?