The toe cramps are an uncommon presentation of diabetes, particularly very high glucose levels over 400. The recurrent nature is consistant with such an etiology. They can also be caused by calcium deficiency, and resolved by drinking an extra glass of milk a day.
I would agree that you should get a diabetic evaluation.
Taken alone, this is not a hallmark of diabetes, but your analysis of the problem is reasonable. As Zoelula states, usually there are other symptoms, such as excessive thirst, carbohydrate cravings and excessive urination.
If it were diabetes, you would likely have other symptoms such as increased urination and thirst. It could possibly be from a vitamin or mineral deficit of some kind. But if it is concerning you, you should see your doctor.