Your father's first cousin is your first cousin once removed. Consanguinity refers to when both members of a couple are related to each other by at least one common ancestor. First cousins once removed are considered 4th degree relatives and share 1/16 of their genes.
We all have two copies of almost every gene - one from each parent. In autosomal recessive (AR) conditions, it is typically necessary to have two mutations, one in each gene copy, to be affected. People with only a mutation in a single gene are called carriers, and typically do not have any symptoms of the condition.
It is believed that we all are carriers of at least 8-10 different autosomal recessive conditions. The chance that both members of a couple are both carriers of the same AR condition is increased if they are related to one another, as they each could have inherited a mutation from the same common ancestor.
To give some background information, the general population risk for two non-related people to have a child with a birth defect is estimated at 3-4%. In the absence of a known autosomal recessive condition in a family, the risk for first cousins to have a child with a birth defect is believed to be doubled, 6-8%. The risk for 4th degree relatives to have a child with a birth defect (again; without a known AR condition in the family) may be considered in between the general population risk and the first cousin risk. In a family with a known AR condition, this risk may be even higher.
We recommend that you meet with a genetic counselor, who can better assess risk based on ethnicity, family history and personal history. A genetic counselor can discuss the benefits and limitations of all available genetic testing options. You can find a genetic counselor at the National Society of Genetic Counselors Website or through companies like mine, AccessDNA.
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