Laboratory criteria for diagnosis
Fourfold or greater change in antibody titer to Ehrlichia spp. antigen by immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) test in acute- and convalescent-phase specimens ideally taken greater than or equal to 4 weeks apart. HME diagnosis requires E. chaffeensis and HGE currently requires E. equi or HGE-agent antigen, or
Positive polymerase chain reaction assay. Distinct primers are used for the diagnosis of HGE and HME, or
Intracytoplasmic morulae identified in blood, bone marrow, or CSF leukocytes, and an IFA antibody titer
greater than or equal to 64.