What you need to do is to get into a program with an R.N. or nurse-practicioner specializing in diabetes, who will then pair you with a dietician. These people are very good at what they do. They have videos, programmed instruction, and weekly meetings where they will instruct you about everything you want to know. Diabetes is too complicated to be explained in an internet forum, especially when you start from zero knowledge. These programs are available nationwide in the United States. Ask your physician or local hospital for a referral.
Carbohydrates raise BG ALL carbs... whole wheat, rice potato, most fruit will raise your BG. How hi depends on you and how far down the diabetic jurny you have traveled. a normal person does not get complications like going blind or loosing toes/feet/legs a normal person never has BG over 120 Joslin Diabetes Center says BG over 136 causes damage that leads to complications. So a lot of people restrict carbohydrates so there BG does not go over 140 some chose 120 some chose 180 (ADA limit).
google "eat to your meter"