I am confused. Your puppy has had his rabies shot, he accidentally bit you while you were trying to remove something from his mouth, and you are worried about getting rabies from him? Am I correct?
If your puppy has been vaccinated then he is protected against rabies. If he is showing signs of being ill then that's a different story, or if you KNOW that he came into contact with a rabid animal and was injured by that animal, then you probably need to talk to your doctor about beginning the series of rabies shots and talk to your vet about getting a booster for your puppy. If, however, your puppy didn't encounter a rabid fox or bat or other creature, as someone else has said, I would worry more about keeping the injury clean so that it doesn't get infected.
Ghilly
I agree with the above, rabies would not even enter my mind, but if the bit was not an accident I would worry about the puppy developing a nipping problem. Our rescue (we didn't have him as a puppy) has some nipping problems which we are overcoming in the 18+ months he has lived with us, so I am familiar with nipping (never any blood that I recall) and rabies has never crossed my mind. Being bitten and getting physically hurt has entered my mind. So I have to make a conscious effort not to react in fear. The most dangerous times are when I work grooming him, baths, no problem, but he doesn't like even a soft brush - who knows why? Oh, sorry not trying to hijack your post.
There haven't been any reported cases of rabies for the last I don't know how many years. I wouldn't worry. But I would worry more about a bite getting infected.