Your Doctor should have contacted the Surgeon or referred you back to him. I am surprised the Surgeon didn't advise your Doc. what the mass is?
I wouldn't delay contacting either the Surgeon or if Doctor again. I'ts absurd to leave you with this question hanging over you. Sometimes we have to be strong to get things sorted.
Good Luck, let us know how you get on.
Not sure why a surgeon was removing the polyps. Was it your gastroenterologist? Was this a conoloscopy? If so, they cannot remove a mass. This would need to be done, usually bowel resection, by a surgeon and preferrably a bariatric surgeon.
Make an appointment with the dr who removed the polyps and discuss with him what he saw and what needs to be done.